OREANDA-NEWS Using artificial intelligence techniques and big data, scientists have developed an algorithm that can recognize the signatures of dementia two years before its onset.

The process involves a single amyloid PET scan of the brain of patients at risk of developing Alzheimer’s disease.

The algorithm could help doctors determine, many years in advance, who is likely to develop dementia. Such prognostic capabilities would give patients and their families time to plan and manage treatment and care.

With a PET scan, the new algorithm could predict the start of dementia in patients at risk of developing Alzheimer’s disease. (Credit: McGill U.)
Pedro Rosa-Neto, co-lead author of the study and associate professor in the neurology & neurosurgery and psychiatry departments at McGill University, expects that this technology will change the way physicians manage patients and greatly accelerate treatment research into Alzheimer’s disease.

“This is an example how big data and open science brings tangible benefits to patient care…”

“By using this tool, clinical trials could focus only on individuals with a higher likelihood of progressing to dementia within the time frame of the study. This will greatly reduce the cost and the time necessary to conduct these studies,” adds Serge Gauthier, co-lead author and professor of neurology & neurosurgery and psychiatry.

Scientists have long known that a protein known as amyloid accumulates in the brain of patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), a condition that often leads to dementia. Though the accumulation of amyloid begins decades before the symptoms of dementia occur, this protein couldn’t be used reliably as a predictive biomarker because not all MCI patients develop Alzheimer’s disease.

To conduct their study, the researchers drew on data available through the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI), a global research effort in which participating patients agree to complete a variety of imaging and clinical assessments.

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Sulantha Mathotaarachchi, a computer scientist from Rosa-Neto’s and Gauthier’s team, used hundreds of amyloid PET scans of MCI patients from the ADNI database to train the team’s algorithm to identify which patients would develop dementia, with an accuracy of 84 percent, before symptom onset.

Research is ongoing to find other biomarkers for dementia that could be incorporated into the algorithm in order to improve the software’s prediction capabilities.

“This is an example how big data and open science brings tangible benefits to patient care,” says Rosa-Neto, who is also director of the university’s Research Centre for Studies in Aging.

While the new software has been made available online to scientists and students, physicians won’t be able to use this tool in clinical practice before certification by health authorities. To that end, the research team is currently conducting further testing to validate the algorithm in different patient cohorts, particularly those with concurrent conditions such as small strokes.

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The findings appear in a new study in the journal Neurobiology of Aging.

The Canadian Consortium on Neurodegeneration in Aging (CCNA) and the Canadian Institutes of Health Research funded the research.