OREANDA-NEWS. Valero Energy Corporation (NYSE:VLO) (“Valero”) today reported net income attributable to Valero stockholders of $814 million, or $1.73 per share, and adjusted net income attributable to Valero stockholders of $503 million, or $1.07 per share, for the second quarter of 2016 compared to net income attributable to Valero stockholders of $1.4 billion, or $2.66 per share, for the second quarter of 2015.  Adjusted net income attributable to Valero stockholders for the second quarter of 2016 excludes an after-tax benefit of $311 million, or $0.66 per share, which is composed of (i) a $454 million benefit related to the change in the lower of cost or market inventory valuation reserve less related tax expense of $87 million, and (ii) an asset impairment loss of $56 million associated with our long-lived assets in Aruba.  The benefit relating to the change in Valero’s lower of cost or market inventory valuation reserve resulted from an increase in hydrocarbon inventory values during the quarter.  Reconciliations of actual to adjusted amounts are shown in the accompanying financial tables.

“Despite a challenging earnings environment, our operations generated $2.3 billion of cash during the quarter,” said Joe Gorder, Valero Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer.  “Our advantaged refining portfolio in the U.S. Gulf Coast and our team’s focus on safe, reliable, low-cost operations allowed us to continue delivering solid performance despite lower margins.”

Valero exported a second quarter record 396,000 BPD of diesel and gasoline combined in the second quarter of 2016. 

“Demand for refined products domestically and in the export markets remained strong in the second quarter,” said Gorder.  “We are also encouraged by ample supplies of medium and heavy sour crude oils in the market, which should help to expand their discounts relative to Brent crude oil, and by a positive demand outlook.”

Refining
The refining segment reported $1.3 billion of operating income ($954 million of adjusted operating income) for the second quarter of 2016, compared to $2.2 billion of operating income for the second quarter of 2015.  The decline was primarily attributable to weaker gasoline and distillate margins.  Other factors included narrower sweet crude oil discounts relative to the Brent benchmark and higher costs to meet our biofuel blending obligations (primarily for the purchase of RINs).

Biofuel blending costs were $173 million in the second quarter of 2016, which was $117 million higher than the second quarter of 2015. Valero continues to expect such costs to be between $750 million and $850 million for 2016.

Valero’s refineries achieved 94 percent throughput capacity utilization and averaged 2.8 million BPD of throughput volume in the second quarter of 2016, in line with the second quarter of 2015.

Ethanol
The ethanol segment reported $69 million of operating income ($49 million of adjusted operating income) for the second quarter of 2016 compared to $108 million of operating income for the second quarter of 2015.  Ethanol production volumes averaged 3.8 million gallons per day in the second quarter of 2016, which was consistent with the second quarter of 2015.  Valero expects ethanol demand to remain strong given high gasoline demand in the U.S. and attractive economics for corn-based ethanol exports. 

Corporate and Other
General and administrative expenses were $159 million in the second quarter of 2016 compared to $178 million in the second quarter of 2015.  The effective tax rate of 26 percent in the second quarter of 2016 was lower than the second quarter of 2015 and lower than the expected rate for the second quarter of 2016.  The lower rate was due primarily to the positive change in the lower of cost or market inventory valuation reserve in the second quarter of 2016.

Investing and Financing Activities
Capital investments totaled $461 million in the second quarter of 2016, of which $164 million was for turnarounds and catalyst.  This amount excludes our purchase of the remaining 50 percent membership interest in Parkway Pipeline LLC (“Parkway Pipeline”) from a wholly owned subsidiary of Kinder Morgan Inc. (“KMI”), which occurred on June 30, 2016.

Valero paid $282 million in dividends and purchased over 7.5 million shares of its common stock for $401 million, resulting in total cash returned to stockholders of $683 million in the second quarter of 2016.

Liquidity and Financial Position
Valero ended the second quarter of 2016 with $7.5 billion of total debt and $4.9 billion of cash and temporary cash investments, of which $67 million was held by Valero Energy Partners LP (NYSE:VLP).  The debt to capital ratio, net of $2 billion in cash, was 21 percent.

“Our balance sheet strength and commitment to disciplined capital allocation positioned us well in this low margin environment,” said Gorder.

Strategic Update
Construction and startup of the $400 million, 90,000 BPD crude unit at Houston was completed in June.  The crude unit is running well at full capacity.

“The safe and reliable startup of the new Houston crude unit is the latest example of the rigor and efficiency our team applies to project execution,” said Gorder.

Valero continues to expect 2016 capital investments, including turnarounds, catalyst, and joint venture investments, to be approximately $2.6 billion.  About $1.6 billion is required to sustain the business, which includes spending on turnarounds, catalyst, and asset replacements and improvements.  The balance is for investments intended to drive long-term earnings growth and is split between refining asset optimization and logistics projects.  Valero expects most of the logistics growth capital to be eligible for future drop down to VLP.

As previously noted, Valero acquired the remaining 50 percent membership interest in Parkway Pipeline from a subsidiary of KMI, bringing Valero’s interest in the pipeline to 100 percent.  This refined petroleum products pipeline connects Valero’s St. Charles refinery to the Plantation pipeline system, with a planned connection to the Colonial pipeline system. This acquisition is consistent with Valero’s strategy of optimizing its refining system through investments in logistics assets.

Conference Call
Valero’s senior management will hold a conference call at 11 a.m. ET today to discuss this earnings release and to provide an update on company operations and strategy.

About Valero
Valero Energy Corporation, through its subsidiaries, is an international manufacturer and marketer of transportation fuels, other petrochemical products and power.  Valero subsidiaries employ approximately 10,000 people, and its assets include 15 petroleum refineries with a combined throughput capacity of approximately 3 million barrels per day, 11 ethanol plants with a combined production capacity of 1.4 billion gallons per year, a 50-megawatt wind farm, and renewable diesel production from a joint venture. Through subsidiaries, Valero owns the general partner of Valero Energy Partners LP (NYSE:VLP), a midstream master limited partnership.  Approximately 7,500 outlets carry the Valero, Diamond Shamrock, Shamrock, and Beacon brands in the United States and the Caribbean; Ultramar in Canada; and Texaco in the United Kingdom and Ireland.  Valero is a Fortune 500 company based in San Antonio. Please visit www.valero.com for more information.

Valero Contacts
Investors:
John Locke, Vice President – Investor Relations, 210-345-3077
Karen Ngo, Manager – Investor Relations, 210-345-4574

Media:
Lillian Riojas, Director – Media Relations and Communications, 210-345-5002

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Safe-Harbor Statement
Statements contained in this release that state the company’s or management’s expectations or predictions of the future are forward-looking statements intended to be covered by the safe harbor provisions of the Securities Act of 1933 and the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.  The words “believe,” “expect,” “should,” “estimates,” “intend,” and other similar expressions identify forward-looking statements.  It is important to note that actual results could differ materially from those projected in such forward-looking statements.  For more information concerning factors that could cause actual results to differ from those expressed or forecasted, see Valero’s annual reports on Form 10-K and quarterly reports on Form 10-Q filed with the SEC and on Valero’s website at www.valero.com, and VLP’s annual reports on Form 10-K and quarterly reports on Form 10-Q filed with the SEC and on VLP’s website at www.valeroenergypartners.com. 

Use of Non-GAAP Financial Information
This earnings release and the accompanying financial tables include references to financial measures that are not defined under U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”). These non-GAAP measures include adjusted net income attributable to Valero stockholders, adjusted earnings per common share – assuming dilution, adjusted operating income, and gross margin.  We have included these non-GAAP financial measures to help facilitate the comparison of operating results between periods.  See the accompanying financial tables in this earnings release for a reconciliation of these non-GAAP measures to the most directly comparable U.S. GAAP measures. In note (c) to the tables that accompany this release, we disclose the reasons why we believe our use of the non-GAAP financial measures provides useful information.

 
VALERO ENERGY CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
EARNINGS RELEASE
FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS
(Millions of Dollars, Except Share and per Share Amounts)
(Unaudited)
 
      Three Months Ended   Six Months Ended
      June 30,   June 30,
      2016   2015   2016   2015
Statement of income data:                  
Operating revenues   $ 19,584     $ 25,118     $ 35,298     $ 46,448  
Costs and expenses:                  
Cost of sales (excluding the lower of cost or market inventory valuation adjustment)   17,120     21,394     30,627     39,557  
Lower of cost or market inventory valuation adjustment (a)   (454 )   —     (747 )   —  
Operating expenses     1,001     1,043     2,031     2,127  
General and administrative expenses     159     178     315     325  
Depreciation and amortization expense     471     425     956     866  
Asset impairment loss (b)     56     —     56     —  
Total costs and expenses     18,353     23,040     33,238     42,875  
Operating income     1,231     2,078     2,060     3,573  
Other income, net     14     8     23     32  
Interest and debt expense, net of capitalized interest   (111 )   (113 )   (219 )   (214 )
Income before income tax expense     1,134     1,973     1,864     3,391  
Income tax expense     291     608     508     1,058  
Net income     843     1,365     1,356     2,333  
Less: Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests   29     14     47     18  
Net income attributable to Valero Energy Corporation stockholders   $ 814     $ 1,351     $ 1,309     $ 2,315  
                   
Earnings per common share     $ 1.74     $ 2.67     $ 2.79     $ 4.53  
Weighted-average common shares outstanding (in millions)   467     505     468     509  
                   
Earnings per common share – assuming dilution     $ 1.73     $ 2.66     $ 2.78     $ 4.52  
Weighted-average common shares outstanding – assuming dilution (in millions)   470     508     471     512  
                   
Dividends per common share     $ 0.60     $ 0.40     $ 1.20     $ 0.80  
   
See Notes to Earnings Release.  
VALERO ENERGY CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
EARNINGS RELEASE
FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS BY SEGMENT
(Millions of Dollars)
(Unaudited)
 
  Three Months Ended   Six Months Ended
  June 30,   June 30,
  2016   2015   2016   2015
Operating income:
Refining   $ 1,332     $ 2,161     $ 2,290     $ 3,802  
Ethanol   69     108     108     120  
Corporate   (170 )   (191 )   (338 )   (349 )
Total   $ 1,231     $ 2,078     $ 2,060     $ 3,573  
                 
Operating expenses:                
Refining   $ 902     $ 935     $ 1,833     $ 1,899  
Ethanol   99     108     198     228  
Total   $ 1,001     $ 1,043     $ 2,031     $ 2,127  
                 
Depreciation and amortization expense:                
Refining   $ 441     $ 408     $ 902     $ 825  
Ethanol   19     4     31     17  
Corporate   11     13     23     24  
Total   $ 471     $ 425     $ 956     $ 866  
 
See Notes to Earnings Release.
VALERO ENERGY CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
EARNINGS RELEASE
RECONCILIATION OF NON-GAAP MEASURES TO MOST COMPARABLE AMOUNTS
REPORTED UNDER U.S. GAAP (c)
(Millions of Dollars, Except per Share Amounts)
(Unaudited)
 
 
  Three Months Ended   Six Months Ended
  June 30,   June 30,
    2016       2015       2016       2015  
Reconciliation of net income attributable to Valero Energy 
Corporation stockholders to adjusted net income 
attributable to Valero Energy Corporation stockholders:		                              
Net income attributable to Valero Energy Corporation stockholders $ 814     $ 1,351     $ 1,309     $ 2,315  
Exclude adjustments:              
Lower of cost or market inventory valuation adjustment (a) 454     —     747     —  
Income tax expense related to lower of cost or market inventory valuation adjustment (87 )       (168 )   —  
Lower of cost or market inventory valuation adjustment, net of taxes 367     —     579     —  
Asset impairment loss (b) (56 )       (56 )   —  
Total adjustments 311     —     523     —  
Adjusted net income attributable to Valero Energy Corporation stockholders $ 503     $ 1,351     $ 786     $ 2,315  
               
Reconciliation of earnings per common share – assuming 
dilution to adjusted earnings per common share – assuming 
dilution:		              
Earnings per common share – assuming dilution $ 1.73     $ 2.66     $ 2.78     $ 4.52  
Exclude adjustments:                
Lower of cost or market inventory valuation adjustment, net of taxes (a) 0.78     —     1.23     —  
Asset impairment loss (b) (0.12 )   —     (0.12 )   —  
Total adjustments 0.66     —     1.11     —  
Adjusted earnings per common share – assuming dilution $ 1.07     $ 2.66     $ 1.67     $ 4.52  
 
See Notes to Earnings Release.
VALERO ENERGY CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
EARNINGS RELEASE
RECONCILIATION OF NON-GAAP MEASURES TO MOST COMPARABLE AMOUNTS
 REPORTED UNDER U.S. GAAP (c)
(Millions of Dollars)
(Unaudited)
 
    Three Months Ended   Six Months Ended
    June 30,   June 30,
    2016   2015   2016   2015
Reconciliation of operating income to gross margin
and reconciliation of operating income to adjusted
operating income by segment:		                
Refining segment:                
Operating income   $ 1,332     $ 2,161     $ 2,290     $ 3,802  
Add back:                
Lower of cost or market inventory valuation adjustment (a)   (434 )   —     (697 )   —  
Operating expenses   902     935     1,833     1,899  
Depreciation and amortization expense   441     408     902     825  
Asset impairment loss (b)   56     —     56     —  
Gross margin   $ 2,297     $ 3,504     $ 4,384     $ 6,526  
                 
Operating income   $ 1,332     $ 2,161     $ 2,290     $ 3,802  
Exclude:                
Lower of cost or market inventory valuation adjustment (a)   434     —     697     —  
Asset impairment loss (b)   (56 )   —     (56 )   —  
Adjusted operating income   $ 954     $ 2,161     $ 1,649     $ 3,802  
                 
Ethanol segment:                
Operating income   $ 69     $ 108     $ 108     $ 120  
Add back:                
Lower of cost or market inventory valuation adjustment (a)   (20 )   —     (50 )   —  
Operating expenses   99     108     198     228  
Depreciation and amortization expense   19     4     31     17  
Gross margin   $ 167     $ 220     $ 287     $ 365  
                 
Operating income   $ 69     $ 108     $ 108     $ 120  
Exclude: Lower of cost or market inventory valuation adjustment (a)   20     —     50     —  
Adjusted operating income   $ 49     $ 108     $ 58     $ 120  
 
See Notes to Earnings Release.
VALERO ENERGY CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
EARNINGS RELEASE
RECONCILIATION OF NON-GAAP MEASURES TO MOST COMPARABLE AMOUNTS
 REPORTED UNDER U.S. GAAP (c)
(Millions of Dollars)
(Unaudited)
 
  Three Months Ended   Six Months Ended
  June 30,   June 30,
  2016   2015   2016   2015
Reconciliation of operating income to gross margin 
and reconciliation of operating income to adjusted 
operating income by refining segment region (d):
U.S. Gulf Coast region:                
Operating income   $ 483     $ 1,086     $ 939     $ 1,958  
Add back:                
Lower of cost or market inventory valuation adjustment (a)   (18 )   —     (37 )   —  
Operating expenses   523     526     1,059     1,053  
Depreciation and amortization expense   265     238     530     485  
Asset impairment loss (b)   56     —     56     —  
Gross margin   $ 1,309     $ 1,850     $ 2,547     $ 3,496  
                 
Operating income   $ 483     $ 1,086     $ 939     $ 1,958  
Exclude:                
Lower of cost or market inventory valuation adjustment (a)   18     —     37     —  
Asset impairment loss (b)   (56 )   —     (56 )   —  
Adjusted operating income   $ 521     $ 1,086     $ 958     $ 1,958  
                 
U.S. Mid-Continent region:                
Operating income   $ 142     $ 398     $ 220     $ 715  
Add back:                
Lower of cost or market inventory valuation adjustment (a)   (4 )   —     (9 )   —  
Operating expenses   143     142     285     296  
Depreciation and amortization expense   66     66     138     132  
Gross margin   $ 347     $ 606     $ 634     $ 1,143  
                 
Operating income   $ 142     $ 398     $ 220     $ 715  
Exclude: Lower of cost or market inventory valuation adjustment (a)   4     —     9     —  
Adjusted operating income   $ 138     $ 398     $ 211     $ 715  
 
See Notes to Earnings Release.
VALERO ENERGY CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
EARNINGS RELEASE
RECONCILIATION OF NON-GAAP MEASURES TO MOST COMPARABLE AMOUNTS
 REPORTED UNDER U.S. GAAP (c)
(Millions of Dollars)
(Unaudited)
 
    Three Months Ended   Six Months Ended
    June 30,   June 30,
    2016   2015   2016   2015
Reconciliation of operating income to gross margin 
and reconciliation of operating income to adjusted 
operating income by refining segment region (d) 
(continued):		                
North Atlantic region:                
Operating income   $ 566     $ 382     $ 969     $ 752  
Add back:                
Lower of cost or market inventory valuation adjustment (a)   (410 )   —     (646 )   —  
Operating expenses   119     126     244     259  
Depreciation and amortization expense   52     52     102     104  
Gross margin   $ 327     $ 560     $ 669     $ 1,115  
                 
Operating income   $ 566     $ 382     $ 969     $ 752  
Exclude: Lower of cost or market inventory valuation adjustment (a)   410     —     646     —  
Adjusted operating income   $ 156     $ 382     $ 323     $ 752  
                 
U.S. West Coast region:                
Operating income   $ 141     $ 295     $ 162     $ 377  
Add back:                
Lower of cost or market inventory valuation adjustment (a)   (2 )   —     (5 )   —  
Operating expenses   117     141     245     291  
Depreciation and amortization expense   58     52     132     104  
Gross margin   $ 314     $ 488     $ 534     $ 772  
                 
Operating income   $ 141     $ 295     $ 162     $ 377  
Exclude: Lower of cost or market inventory valuation adjustment (a)   2     —     5     —  
Adjusted operating income   $ 139     $ 295     $ 157     $ 377  
 
See Notes to Earnings Release.
VALERO ENERGY CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
EARNINGS RELEASE
REFINING SEGMENT OPERATING HIGHLIGHTS
(Millions of Dollars, Except per Barrel Amounts)
(Unaudited)
 
    Three Months Ended   Six Months Ended
    June 30,   June 30,
    2016   2015   2016   2015
Throughput volumes (thousand barrels per day):                
Feedstocks:                
Heavy sour crude oil   380     448     404     439  
Medium/light sour crude oil   505     468     519     423  
Sweet crude oil   1,196     1,177     1,184     1,161  
Residuals   272     269     281     263  
Other feedstocks   170     131     152     153  
Total feedstocks   2,523     2,493     2,540     2,439  
Blendstocks and other   304     315     313     320  
Total throughput volumes   2,827     2,808     2,853     2,759  
                 
Yields (thousand barrels per day):                
Gasolines and blendstocks   1,408     1,368     1,393     1,342  
Distillates   1,071     1,087     1,069     1,057  
Other products (e)   379     394     425     400  
Total yields   2,858     2,849     2,887     2,799  
                 
Refining segment operating statistics:                
Gross margin (c)   $ 2,297     $ 3,504     $ 4,384     $ 6,526  
Adjusted operating income (c)   $ 954     $ 2,161     $ 1,649     $ 3,802  
Throughput volumes (thousand barrels per day)   2,827     2,808     2,853     2,759  
                 
Throughput margin per barrel (f)   $ 8.93     $ 13.71     $ 8.44     $ 13.07  
Operating costs per barrel:                
Operating expenses   3.51     3.66     3.53     3.80  
Depreciation and amortization expense   1.71     1.59     1.73     1.66  
Total operating costs per barrel   5.22     5.25     5.26     5.46  
Adjusted operating income per barrel (g)   $ 3.71     $ 8.46     $ 3.18     $ 7.61  
 
See Notes to Earnings Release.
VALERO ENERGY CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
EARNINGS RELEASE
ETHANOL SEGMENT OPERATING HIGHLIGHTS
(Millions of Dollars, Except per Gallon Amounts)
(Unaudited)
 
    Three Months Ended   Six Months Ended
    June 30,   June 30,
    2016   2015   2016   2015
Ethanol segment operating statistics (a):                
Gross margin (c)   $ 167     $ 220     $ 287     $ 365  
Adjusted operating income (c)   $ 49     $ 108     $ 58     $ 120  
Production volumes (thousand gallons per day)   3,826     3,793     3,783     3,785  
                 
Gross margin per gallon of production (f)   $ 0.48     $ 0.64     $ 0.42     $ 0.53  
Operating costs per gallon of production:                
Operating expenses   0.28     0.31     0.29     0.33  
Depreciation and amortization expense   0.06     0.02     0.05     0.03  
Total operating costs per gallon of production   0.34     0.33     0.34     0.36  
Adjusted operating income per gallon of production (g)   $ 0.14     $ 0.31     $ 0.08     $ 0.17  
 
See Notes to Earnings Release.
VALERO ENERGY CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
EARNINGS RELEASE
REFINING SEGMENT OPERATING HIGHLIGHTS
(Millions of Dollars, Except per Barrel Amounts)
(Unaudited)
 
    Three Months Ended   Six Months Ended
    June 30,   June 30,
    2016   2015   2016   2015
Refining segment operating statistics by region (d):                
U.S. Gulf Coast region:                
Gross margin (c)   $ 1,309     $ 1,850     $ 2,547     $ 3,496  
Adjusted operating income (c)   $ 521     $ 1,086     $ 958     $ 1,958  
Throughput volumes (thousand barrels per day)   1,605     1,611     1,649     1,569  
                 
Throughput margin per barrel (f)   $ 8.97     $ 12.62     $ 8.49     $ 12.31  
Operating costs per barrel:                
Operating expenses   3.58     3.59     3.53     3.71  
Depreciation and amortization expense   1.82     1.62     1.77     1.71  
Total operating costs per barrel   5.40     5.21     5.30     5.42  
Adjusted operating income per barrel (g)   $ 3.57     $ 7.41     $ 3.19     $ 6.89  
                 
U.S. Mid-Continent region:                
Gross margin (c)   $ 347     $ 606     $ 634     $ 1,143  
Adjusted operating income (c)   $ 138     $ 398     $ 211     $ 715  
Throughput volumes (thousand barrels per day)   462     436     458     434  
                 
Throughput margin per barrel (f)   $ 8.25     $ 15.27     $ 7.60     $ 14.55  
Operating costs per barrel:                
Operating expenses   3.39     3.58     3.41     3.77  
Depreciation and amortization expense   1.58     1.66     1.66     1.68  
Total operating costs per barrel   4.97     5.24     5.07     5.45  
Adjusted operating income per barrel (g)   $ 3.28     $ 10.03     $ 2.53     $ 9.10  
 
See Notes to Earnings Release.
VALERO ENERGY CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
EARNINGS RELEASE
REFINING SEGMENT OPERATING HIGHLIGHTS
(Millions of Dollars, Except per Barrel Amounts)
(Unaudited)
 
    Three Months Ended   Six Months Ended
    June 30,   June 30,
    2016   2015   2016   2015
Refining segment operating statistics by region (d)
  (continued):		                
North Atlantic region:                
Gross margin (c)   $ 327     $ 560     $ 669     $ 1,115  
Adjusted operating income (c)   $ 156     $ 382     $ 323     $ 752  
Throughput volumes (thousand barrels per day)   487     473     480     484  
                 
Throughput margin per barrel (f)   $ 7.39     $ 13.02     $ 7.66     $ 12.73  
Operating costs per barrel:                
Operating expenses   2.69     2.93     2.79     2.95  
Depreciation and amortization expense   1.17     1.21     1.17     1.19  
Total operating costs per barrel   3.86     4.14     3.96     4.14  
Adjusted operating income per barrel (g)   $ 3.53     $ 8.88     $ 3.70     $ 8.59  
                 
U.S. West Coast region:                
Gross margin (c)   $ 314     $ 488     $ 534     $ 772  
Adjusted operating income (c)   $ 139     $ 295     $ 157     $ 377  
Throughput volumes (thousand barrels per day)   273     288     266     272  
                 
Throughput margin per barrel (f)   $ 12.67     $ 18.63     $ 11.05     $ 15.69  
Operating costs per barrel:                
Operating expenses   4.74     5.35     5.08     5.92  
Depreciation and amortization expense   2.33     2.05     2.73     2.11  
Total operating costs per barrel   7.07     7.40     7.81     8.03  
Adjusted operating income per barrel (g)   $ 5.60     $ 11.23     $ 3.24     $ 7.66  
 
See Notes to Earnings Release.